Keeping pace with the ever-changing life sciences industry, Morrison Foerster stays on top of the trends and political, legal, and economic drivers to support striking the balance between innovative discovery and purposeful business planning to assure our clients continued success. MoFo Life Sciences shares timely legal and business insights and in-depth analyses on trends and the complex technologies at the heart of the global pharmaceutical, biotechnology, diagnostics, medical devices, digital health, and AgTech fields.Learn more about our <a href="https://www.mofo.com/capabilities/life-sciences-healthcare" target="_self">Life Sciences practice</a>.<h2 dir="ltr">ABOUT MORRISON FOERSTER</h2>Morrison Foerster is a leading global law firm that transforms complexity into advantage for its clients. Our clients include some of the largest financial institutions, banks, consulting and accounting firms, and Fortune 100, technology, and life sciences companies. Highlighting the firm’s commitment to client service, leadership in market-changing deals and impact litigation, and values-based culture, Morrison Foerster has been repeatedly recognized as one of the top 10 firms on The American Lawyer’s A-List. Year after year, the firm receives significant recognition from Chambers and The Legal 500 across their various guides, including Global, USA, Asia‑Pacific, Europe, UK, Latin America, and FinTech Legal. Our lawyers passionately care about delivering legal excellence while living our values. Morrison Foerster has a long-standing commitment to creating a culture that respects and celebrates differences, while providing an inclusive environment. The firm has achieved Mansfield Certification Plus since 2018 as a result of successfully reaching at least 30 percent women, communities of color, and LGBTQ+ lawyer representation in a notable number of current leadership roles and committees. The firm also has a long history of commitment to the community and society through providing pro bono legal services, including litigating for civil rights and civil liberties, improving public education and fostering the wellbeing of children, advocating for veterans, promoting international human rights, enforcing the right to asylum, and safeguarding the environment.

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Dr. Meghan Poon counsels clients on patent preparation and prosecution, portfolio strategy, and IP due diligence in the areas of biotechnology and biologics. She has significant experience in diverse technologies including antibodies, cell therapies, gene therapies, diagnostics, and gene-edited plants. She represents clients ranging from large international pharmaceutical companies to midsized companies, startups, and universities.Meghan has filed numerous Patent Term Extension applications to secure additional term for her clients’ patents, which cover FDA-approved products. In addition, Meghan has extensive experience addressing complex obviousness-double patenting and subject matter eligibility issues impacting her clients’ patent portfolios. Meghan also represents clients in both investor-side and target-side due diligence, in deals from seed funding to initial public offerings.Prior to law school, Meghan attended graduate school at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she received a Ph.D. in biological chemistry based on her work on protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions at a molecular level. Meghan is the author of several scientific publications and has presented her research at international conferences.Meghan received her J.D. from the University of Southern California Law School and spent a year as a visiting student at Santa Clara University, where she focused on intellectual property.

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Morrison Foerster's patent prosecution and patent strategy team is highly qualified with more than 100 advanced degrees and multilingual capabilities.

With 80+ Ph.D.s, more than 100 advanced degrees, and multi-lingual capabilities, including Chinese and German, we offer clients around the world a patent prosecution and counseling practice that is unrivaled in its depth of industry and technical experience.

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Dr. Meghan Poon counsels clients on patent preparation and prosecution, portfolio strategy, and IP due diligence in the areas of biotechnology and biologics. She has significant experience in diverse technologies including antibodies, cell therapies, gene therapies, diagnostics, and gene-edited plants.

Meghan Poon

Wolfgang advises clients on contentious and non-contentious matters involving their most valuable intellectual property assets in life sciences, digital, and high-tech industries.His subjects of focus include research and development collaborations, complex licensing agreements, and other technology transactions, as well as know-how protection strategies, and employee invention law. He also has substantial experience in litigating patents, trademarks, and other intellectual property assets, often in a multijurisdictional context. In addition, Wolfgang and his team frequently clear trademarks and ad campaigns and prosecute trademark applications.Wolfgang is co-editor of our <a href="https://lifesciences.mofo.com/" dir="ltr" target="_blank">MoFo Life Sciences Blog</a>.Wolfgang is a partner of Morrison Foerster based in our German office in Berlin.<h4 dir="ltr">Representative Transactional Matters</h4><ul dir="ltr"><li>U.S.-based BioTech fund on various research collaborations and other transactions with German start-ups or research institutions.</li><li>Negotiate multimillion-euro strategic partnership between two AgTech leaders concerning the development and commercialization of pest-resistant transgenic traits.</li><li>Craft global multi-million collaboration regarding AI-powered robotic MaaS.</li><li>UK-based digital health company on product roll-out of RPM applications in Germany; coordinate international expansion.</li><li>Advise numerous German start-ups on their U.S. expansion.</li><li>Draft diverse global patent and know-how license agreements in the areas of AgTech and life sciences—including gene licensing and licensing of genome editing technologies (e.g., CRISPR)—and medical devices; draft correlating supply and distribution agreements.</li><li>Structure IP rights in connection with joint ventures and other M&A transactions, including the carve-out of a patent-heavy semiconductor business comprising nine jurisdictions into a German–U.S. joint venture.</li><li dir="ltr">Advise on government-funded, multi-partner R&D projects and/or R&D projects with academic institutions, as well as on employee invention law.</li></ul><h4 dir="ltr">Representative Contentious IP Matters</h4><ul dir="ltr"><li>Lead counsel in an international dispute between software companies on rights and obligations following termination of a multi-million licensing and distribution arrangement; coordinate local counsel.</li><li>Defend Japanese chip manufacturer in high-profile SEP-litigation; advise on global settlement arrangement.</li><li>Represent leading internet retailer in patent infringement and concurrent invalidity proceedings in the context of a multijurisdictional dispute concerning touch-screen technology.</li><li>Represent diverse pharmaceutical and life sciences companies in national and cross-border patent infringement proceedings and other technology-related disputes, including preliminary injunctions as well as pre‑trial discovery and inspection proceedings, concerning, inter alia, drug-coating technologies, toner cartridges, medicinal gases, transgenic plants, and vaccines.</li><li dir="ltr">Conduct trademark, copyright, and false advertising litigation, including, most notably, a high-profile trademark litigation for a German bank, and a nine-country cross-border trademark litigation involving a famous pharmaceutical brand.</li></ul>

Dr. Wolfgang Schönig berät Mandanten zum Schutz des geistigen Eigentums sowohl in streitigen als auch nichtstreitigen Angelegenheiten, mit einem besonderen Fokus auf die IP-rechtliche Beratung von Unternehmen aus den Bereichen Life Sciences, Digitalwirtschaft und High-Tech.Zu seinen Beratungsschwerpunkten gehören Forschungs- und Entwicklungskooperationen, komplexe Lizenzvertragsgestaltungen und andereTechnologie-Transaktionen, sowie Know-how-Schutz-Strategien und das Arbeitnehmererfinderrecht. Er verfügt zudem über umfangreiche Prozesserfahrung zur Durchsetzung von Patenten, Marken- und anderen IP-Rechten, häufig auch in einem grenzüberschreitenden Kontext. Darüber hinaus bewertet Dr. Wolfgang Schönig zusammen mit seinem Team regelmäßig die Rechtskonformität von Werbekampagnen, prüft die Verfügbarkeit von Marken und entwickelt entsprechende Anmeldestrategien.Dr. Wolfgang Schönig ist Co-Editor des Life Sciences Blogs von Morrison Foerster.Er hat seinen Doktortitel an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf und seinen LL.M. an der Fordham School of Law in New York erworben, jeweils mit Schwerpunkt im gewerblichen Rechtsschutz. Seinen MBA-Abschluss erhielt er von der European University in Barcelona.Dr. Wolfgang Schönig ist Partner des deutschen Büros von Morrison Foerster in Berlin.<h4 dir="ltr">Repräsentative Transaktionen</h4><ul><li dir="ltr">BioTech-Fonds mit Sitz in den USA bei verschiedenen Forschungskooperationen und anderen Transaktionen mit deutschen Start-ups oder Forschungseinrichtungen</li><li dir="ltr">Verhandlung einer hochvolumigen strategischen Partnerschaft zwischen zwei Technologieführern im Bereich Crop Science betreffend der Entwicklung und Kommerzialisierung von bestimmten Resistenzen</li><li dir="ltr">Gestaltung einer globalen Multi-Millionen-Zusammenarbeit für KI-gestützte Roboter</li><li dir="ltr">Ein in Großbritannien ansässiges Unternehmen für digitale Gesundheit bei der Markteinführung von RPM-Anwendungen in Deutschland; Koordination der internationalen Expansion</li><li dir="ltr">Beratung zahlreicher deutscher Start-ups bei deren US-Expansion</li><li dir="ltr">Strukturierung und Verhandlung diverser Patent- und Know-How-Lizenzen in den Bereichen Ag Tech und Life Sciences – einschließlich Fragen zu genome editing wie CRISPR-Medizingeräte, sowie Gestaltung von Softwarelizenzverträgen und Erstellung korrespondierender Liefer- und Vertriebsvereinbarungen</li><li dir="ltr">Strukturierung von IP-Rechten im Zusammenhang mit Joint Ventures und anderen M&A-Transaktionen, darunter die Koordination eines neun Länder umfassenden IP Carve-Outs im Rahmen eines Halbleiter-JVs</li><li dir="ltr">Beratung zu staatlich geförderten Multi-Partner F&E-Projekten und/oder F&E-Projekten mit akademischen Einrichtungen sowie zum Arbeitnehmererfindungsrecht</li></ul><h4 dir="ltr">Repräsentative IP-Streitigkeiten</h4><ul><li dir="ltr">Lead Counsel in einem internationalen Rechtsstreit zwischen Softwareunternehmen über Rechte und Pflichten nach Beendigung einer millionenschweren Lizenz- und Vertriebsvereinbarung; Koordinierung der lokalen Anwälte</li><li dir="ltr">Verteidigung eines japanischen Chipherstellers in einem prominenten Streitfall bezüglich Standardessentieller Patente (SEP); Beratung zu einer globalen Vergleichsregelung</li><li dir="ltr">Verteidigung einer führenden Internetplattform gegen Ansprüche eines Patenttrolls wegen vermeintlicher Verletzung von Patent bezüglich Touchscreen-Technologie sowie korrespondierende US-Streitigkeiten</li><li dir="ltr">Vertretung von Pharma- und Life Science-Unternehmen in nationalen und grenzüberschreitenden Patentverletzungsverfahren und anderen technologiebezogenen Streitigkeiten, einschließlich einstweiliger Verfügungsverfahren und vorprozessualer Beweissicherungs- und Besichtigungsverfahren, unter anderem in Bezug auf Arzneimittelbeschichtungstechnologien, Tonerkartuschen, medizinische Gase, transgene Pflanzen und Impfstoffe</li></ul>

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Our life sciences and healthcare clients, from emerging innovation drivers to iconic brands, rely on our unrivaled depth of knowledge and technological experien

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Wolfgang Schönig is a partner of Morrison Foerster (International) LLP based in our German office in Berlin. His practice specialty is advising on IP aspects relative to transactions in, among others, the life sciences, AgTech and pharmaceuticals industry, as well as legal representation in IP disputes. Wolfgang is specialized in research and development collaborations, complex licensing agreements, technology acquisitions, know-how protection strategies, and employee invention law.

Wolfgang Schönig focuses his practice on IP aspects relative to transactions in the digital, telecoms, high tech, life sciences, and pharmaceuticals industry, as well as legal representation in IP disputes.

Wolfgang Schönig advises clients on IP aspects relating to transactions in, among others, the life sciences, AgTech and pharmaceuticals industry, as well as legal representation in IP disputes. His additional focus areas include research and development collaborations, complex licensing agreements, technology acquisitions, know-how protection strategies, and employee invention law.

Wolfgang Schönig

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MoFo Life Sciences shares timely legal and business insights and in-depth analyses on trends and the complex technologies at the heart of the global pharmaceutical, biotechnology, diagnostics, medical devices, digital health, and AgTech fields.

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Recentive: Raising the Patent-Eligibility Bar in AI-Related Inventions

April 2025 Update on Regulation of New Genomic Techniques in the EU

In Patent Prosecution, You Have the Right to Remain Silent. Anything You Say Can and Will Be Used Against You in the Court of Law

Federal Circuit Clarifies Requirements for Prior Art Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. § 102(e)

AI Agent as a Service in Medtech: Key Considerations for Commercial Contracts

This post is part of MoFo’s 2025 Intersection of AI and Life Sciences blog series. In this blog series, we explore how artificial intelligence is revolutionizing research, innovation, and patient care in the life sciences. Stay tuned for expert insights regarding the impact of AI on intellectual property, licensing, contracts, regulatory policy, enforcement, privacy, and venture markets in life sciences.AI is being used in the life sciences space to make important discoveries, ranging from new diagnostics to new therapeutic compounds and beyond. In one of the first cases from the Federal Circuit addressing patent eligibility for machine-learning (ML) inventions, the court ruled that applying “generic” ML techniques to a new data environment to automate a task previously performed by humans—in this case “event scheduling”—is an “abstract idea” and thus not patent-eligible, even if the claim includes superficial limitations related to training and improving an ML model. See Recentive Analytics, Inc. v. Fox Corp., No. 2023‑2437, slip op. at 18 (Fed. Cir. Apr. 18, 2025).The Recentive case shows that although inventions relying on ML are patentable, simply using AI to perform tasks that are currently done manually or using generic AI to answer a new question may be unpatentable. It may not be enough to claim a method for sorting through large amounts of sequencing data to find patterns or using a generic LLM to generate a compound that binds to a target of interest.However, patent protection remains available when applicants disclose and claim an ML invention in sufficient detail, demonstrating that the new ML technique provides a technological advantage. For instance, the Recentive panel emphasized that there remains a path to patent protection for ML-based inventions, noting that:<blockquote>Machine learning is a burgeoning and increasingly important field and may lead to patent-eligible improvements in technology. Today, we hold only that patents that do no more than claim the application of generic machine learning to new data environments, without disclosing improvements to the machine learning models to be applied, are patent ineligible under § 101. </blockquote>Recentive, No. 2023‑2437, slip op. at 18.In light of Recentive, describing the technical advances that modify a generic AI model for a specific task becomes increasingly important. The technological advantage should be beyond increasing efficiency and accuracy over human efforts. Rather, patentability may stand on detailed explanations of how technical steps such as curating the training data or modifying the model’s architecture led to the discovery of connections that would not have been possible to find otherwise. For example, technical advances should help the model find connections between gene, compounds, or pathologies that are not apparent on their face.Overview of Recentive Analytics, Inc. v. Fox Corp.A representative claim from U.S. Patent No. 11,386,367 that was at issue in Recentive recited iteratively training a machine-learning model to identify relationships between different event parameters and desired outcomes for the events, generating a schedule for a future series of events based on user-defined event parameters and desired outcomes, and updating the generated schedule based on real-time changes to event parameters. While the claim includes several “machine-learning” steps, there is no claim element that informs the reader of any technological improvement beyond conventional ML-techniques; the application of ML in the claims boils down to automation of a process previously performed by a human.Recentive argued that its claims are patent-eligible because they involve a “unique application of machine learning to generate customized algorithms, based on training the machine learning model, that can then be used to automatically create . . . event schedules that are updated in real-time,” asserting that it had “worked out how to make the algorithms function dynamically, so the maps and schedules are automatically customizable and updated with real-time data.” Recentive, No. 2023‑2437, slip op. at 8, 11–15. However, as conceded by Recentive, iterative training using updated data is “incident to the very nature of machine learning” and “do[es] not . . . mak[e] machine learning better.” Recentive, No. 2023‑2437, slip op. at 8–12.  Because the court viewed the purported advance as nothing more than routine ML behavior applied in a new business context, the court held the claims could not clear § 101 and were thus patent-ineligible.In sum, Recentive tells patent applicants that:<ul><li>Iterative training and real‑time updates are not a technical improvement.</li><li>Field‑of‑use limitations (e., using ML in a new data environment) can’t rescue an abstract idea.</li><li>Increased speed and efficiency relative to human-performance of a task are not sufficient for eligibility.</li></ul>Recentive serves as yet another reminder for patent practitioners and applicants to ensure that their patent applications include robust disclosure of how a claimed invention provides a technical solution to a technical problem. After Recentive, AI inventors still have a clear runway to eligibility: claim either (i) innovations to the ML model itself (e.g., via a novel training process that improves the model for a given task, via a novel data preprocessing technique) or (ii) a concrete technical use of the model’s output—and ideally claim both. By anchoring claims in training specifics or downstream control actions, and by disclosing measurable performance gains, applicants can transform generic‑sounding AI “ideas” into patent-eligible claims that withstand § 101 scrutiny.Practitioner & Applicant Takeaways<ol><li>Explain how the model is trained and why those training steps matter. Training details can be critical to patent eligibility. In Recentive, the claims at issue broadly recited “iteratively training” the models “wherein such iterative training improves the accuracy of the ML model.” The Federal Circuit balked at this surface-level claiming. Applicants should ensure any training process is described in detail in the specification. In view of Recentive, applicants should also consider including key training steps in the independent claim.</li><li>Tie the ML model’s output to a technical action. A technical action might be one that controls or changes a physical or software process, such as modulating drug‑delivery pumps, validating a drug target in vitro, or treating a patient, etc. This is particularly important when the ML model being claimed is a generic or off-the-shelf model. In such cases, the improvement is not to the ML model itself but rather imparted by the downstream practical application of the model’s output.</li><li> Document technical performance improvements. Whenever feasible, ML-directed patent applications should include data showing how the model being claimed does, in fact, provide a technical improvement over the present state of the art. For instance, if the model provides improved image-enhancement abilities, compare the claimed model’s performance with performance of state-of-the-art models and include comparison data in the specification. As noted above, automating a manual process previously performed by humans is not enough; there must be a technological improvement, such as an improvement over existing ML techniques, other software, etc.</li><li> Describe how your ML model/architecture is unique and/or “improved.” The Federal Circuit emphasized that Recentive’s patents do not claim a specific method for “improving the mathematical algorithm or making machine learning better.” Applicants hoping to patent novel models/architectures that improve machine learning should ensure that their applications describe the model/architecture and such improvements in detail.</li></ol>

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Jon Bockman is the head of the firm’s Technology Patent Practice. In this capacity, he leads the firm’s prominent group of patent practitioners with degrees in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, computer engineering, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering and physics. 

Jonathan Bockman

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Associate

Jeff focuses his practice on domestic and international patent preparation, prosecution, and counseling.

Jeffrey Gerard Young

Jeffrey Young

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Briana’s practice focuses on patent preparation, prosecution, and counseling in the areas of biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and artificial intelligence.

Briana Erin Mittleman Ph.D.

Briana Mittleman

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Of Counsel

Josh Crawford's practice focuses on domestic patent prosecution, international patent portfolio management, patent infringement and validity determinations, inter partes review proceedings, and IP lit

Joshua A. Crawford

Joshua Crawford

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Anna Yuan’s practice focuses on patent prosecution, IP due diligence, post-grant proceedings, and IP litigation support. 

Anna Yuan

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On March 14, 2025, EU Member States agreed in the European Council on a common position to move forward with development of new rules for certain genetically modified plants generated using modern precision breeding methods that, in the EU, are collectively termed “new genomic techniques” (NGTs). This agreement came after months of political deadlock and allows new formal negotiations with the European Parliament to begin. It marks a pivotal step forward in advancing the legislative proposal adopted by the European Commission on July 5, 2023 (Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed, and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/625; 2023 Proposal), which aims to create new regulations tailored to plants produced using NGTs (NGT Regulation) in order to adapt the EU regulatory landscape to better fit the technological developments of recent decades in the field of plant breeding. Thus, the March 2025 agreement sets the stage for further negotiations, bringing the EU closer to finalization and implementation of the NGT Regulation.Read our <a href="https://www.mofo.com/resources/insights/250425-april-2025-update-on-regulation" target="_blank">client alert</a>.

Wolfgang advises clients on contentious and non-contentious matters involving their most valuable intellectual property assets in the digital, high-tech, life sciences, and pharmaceutical industries.

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Julia primarily advises domestic and foreign companies and startups in all areas of technology and IP law, including patent and software licensing, employee inventions law, and know-how protection.

Julia Ratajczak

Dr. Liz Freeman Rosenzweig focuses her practice on patent prosecution and intellectual property and regulatory counseling in the areas of life sciences and agricultural biotechnology, including AgTech